初三生中考学科备考复习策略：英语习惯用语（2）

2012中考英语常见习惯用语总复习
　　[误] - What‘s the problem?
　　- I’ve got a headache
　　[正] What‘s wrong with you?
　　I’ve got a headache
　　[析] What‘s wrong with you? 是询问对方身体状态如何，而 What’s the problem?是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。
　　[误] - Now, I‘m back Can I play?
　　- Perhaps You’d better do your homework first
　　[正] - Now, I‘m back Can I play?
　　- I’m afraid not You‘d better do your homework first
　　[析] Perhaps 是表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论，如： Am I right? Perhaps而 I’m afraid not 则表达一种不同意的态度。 be afraid 的几种用法有：
　　I‘m afraid that you are right
　　其后直接加宾语从句。
　　- Will you come to my birthday party?
　　- I’m afraid not I have to go to see my father He is in hospital
　　其后+not,表示否定。
　　- Sorry, I don‘t want to go there alone, I’m afraid of the dog
　　其后+名词，表示对某人，某物的害怕。
　　Mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam
　　其后+ of + 动名词，表示害怕做某事。
　　Mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didn‘t do well in the exam
　　其后+ 不定式，表示不敢去做某事。
　　[误] - How soon will you be ready?
　　- Two days
　　[正] - How soon will you be ready?
　　- In two days
　　[析] 此题关键是要根据情景，身临其境，要注意的是对方问了什么，就应答什么。或答了什么就应问什么。 How soon 问的是“还有多久才能作完”，这时要用 in two days, 即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用 How long 提问，则答语可以用 two days。
　　[误] - Would you mind if I have some time off?
　　- I don’t mind
　　- Monday and Tuesday of next week
　　[正] - Would you mind if I have some time off?
　　- When exactly
　　- Monday and Tuesday of next week
　　[析] 有的对话是复杂的，稍有不慎就有可能选错，而且英语中如选错了答案是不容易找出错来的。 I don‘t mind 是可以用来回答 Would you mind…这一提问的，但如仔细看一看则会发现我们要选用的不是陈述句而是疑问句。根据下面一句的答语来判定要用 when exactly? 什么时间，这样才能与下句中具体的时间相符合。
　　[误] Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be “Who are you?“
　　[正] Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be “Hello? This is Tom speaking?”
　　[析] 在英语学习中，习惯用法实际上在某种情况，或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析，它们可能都是对的。比如，当你拿起电话时，如果你想知道对方是谁，可以问“Who’s that(speaking)？”但不要讲“Who are you?”如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲“This is ×××× speaking”而不要讲“I‘m ××××”也不要讲“My name is ×××××。” 就语法而论，“Who are you?” “I’m ××××”“My name is ×××××”并不错，也是英语中可用的句子，但就打电话这一场合，就不宜用了。
　　[误] - Do you think it‘s going to rain over the weekend?
　　- I don’t hope so
　　[正] - Do you think it‘s going to rain over the weekend?
　　- I hope not
　　[析] 由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉，如在肯定答语中 I think so I hope soI believe so 是相同的，但在否定句中却常用 I don’t think so 但I don‘t believe so 和 I don’t hope so 则意为：我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而 I believe not 和 I hope not 则为：我想可能不会发生吧！