山东高考英语试题解析(含翻译3)

　　第三节：阅读理解
　　注：本解析包括翻译，正确答案，和解释三部分。
　　A
　　The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place. Now it is an ecological disaster area. Nauru’s heartbreaking story could have one good consequence — other countries might learn from its mistakes.
　　太平洋岛国瑙鲁岛曾经是一个美丽的岛屿。而今，正面临着一场生态灾难。瑙鲁岛的悲剧带来的一个正面的后果就是其他的国家也许可以从他们的错误中吸取教训。
　　56. What might be the author’s purpose in writing the text?
　　A. To seek help for Nauru’s problems. B. To give a warning to other countries
　　C. To show the importance of money D. To tell a heartbreaking story of a war.
　　解析：B。主旨题。文章的写作目的。根据首段now前后的语义可以判断，前后构成转折，根据破折号后面的信息得出结论。
　　For thousands of years, Polynesian people lived the remote island of Nauru, far from western civilization. The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798. He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling ship. He called the island Pleasant Island.
　　几千年以来，波利尼西亚人曾经世代生活在这个遥远的、远离西方文明的岛国---瑙鲁国。第一个踏上这片土地的欧洲人是约翰费恩，这个英国人是捕鲸船“狩猎者”的船长，于1978年登陆瑙鲁岛，他曾经称瑙鲁岛是“欢乐岛”。
　　57. What was Nauru like before the Europeans came?
　　A. Rich and powerful B. Modern and open
　　C. Peaceful and attractive D. Greedy and aggressive
　　解析：C。概括总结题目。关键词：第一段beautiful，第二段Pleasant Island，第五段的lovely
　　However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first. The whaling ships and other traders began to visit, bringing guns and alcohol. These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island. A ten-year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.
　　然而，正是因为地处偏远，在一开始瑙鲁岛几乎和欧洲人不接触。捕鲸船和其他的商人开始登陆瑙鲁岛，也给瑙鲁岛带去了枪支和酒。这两样东西打破了瑙鲁岛上12个家族间的社会平衡，由此引发了10年内战，岛上的居民从1400人降低到了900人。
　　Nauru’s real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate (磷酸盐)on the island. In fact, it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate, which is a very important fertilizer for farming. The company began mining the phosphate.
　　瑙鲁岛真正的灾难始于1899年。那一年一个英国矿业开采公司在瑙鲁岛上发现了磷酸盐。事实上，这家公司还发现争做岛屿几乎就是一个磷酸盐之岛，而磷酸盐是非常重要的农业肥料，这家公司开始在岛上开采磷酸盐。
　　58. The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from _______.
　　A. soil pollution B. phosphate over mining
　　C. farming activity D. whale hunting
　　解析：B。细节题，考察原因。线索为段落的第一句话，即段落主题句。
　　A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground; it is a strip mine. When a company strip-mines, it removes the top layer of soil. Then it takes away the material it wants. Strip mining totally destroys the land. Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.
　　磷酸盐矿并非深埋于地下，而是一个露天矿。一个公司开采露天矿是需要挖掉土壤的表层，然后开采所需的磷酸盐。开采露天矿彻底摧毁了当地的土地。美丽富饶的瑙鲁岛开始变得像月球表面那样满目疮痍。
　　In 1968, Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world. Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.
　　1968年瑙鲁岛成为了世界上最富有的国家之一。政府每年都会因为磷酸盐而发财。
　　Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem — their phosphate was running out. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. By 2000, Nauru was financially ruined. Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen.
　　然而不幸的是，政府领导投资失误，损失了成千上万美元。另外，他们将大量的钱财更多的用于个人支出。人们很快认识到一个可怕的问题----磷酸盐矿正在开采殆尽。瑙鲁岛百分之九十的面积被摧毁，岛民从此一无所有。直至2000年，瑙鲁岛经济也崩溃了。专家说，要想回复岛屿的升级需要大约4336千万美元，时间需要20年以上。这可能永远都不会发生。
　　59. Which of the following was a cause of Nauru’s financial problem?
　　A. Its leaders misused the money B. It spent too much repairing the island
　　C. Its phosphate mining cost much money D. It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.
　　解析：A。细节题，考察原因，考点为段落的主题句，即第一句话。
　　60. What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph?
　　A. The ecological damage is difficult to repair.
　　B. The leaders will take the experts’ words seriously.
　　C. The island was abandoned by the Nauruans
　　D. The phosphate mines were destroyed
　　解析：A。细节题。依据是文章最后一句。
　　小结：这篇文章在此验证的文章主题句和段落主题句在阅读理解中所扮演的重要角色，56,58,59题的正确答案正是文章主题和段落主题。
　　B
　　第一段：61题
　　One of the greatest contributions to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual. In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations (引文)showing how it was used.
　　第一版《牛津英语字典》最伟大的贡献之一也是这本字典最不寻常之处。1897年位于英格兰的牛津大学邀请詹姆斯默里教授担任一部字典的编辑，这部字典将会是是英语语言史上最宏大的字典。这部字典将囊括英语语言中可能出现的每一个单词，不但会定义每个单词，而且会给出这个单词的历史，同时也会引用一些能够展示这个单词用法的句子。
　　61. According to the text, the first Oxford English Dictionary _________.
　　A. came out before minor died B. was edited by an American volunteer
　　C. included the English words invented by Murray D. was intended to be the most ambitious English dictionary
　　解析：D。细节题，考点为：第一段的最高级。
　　第二段：
　　This was a huge task. So Murrary had to find volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an American surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England. He gave his address as “Broadmoor, Crowthorne, Berkshire,” 50 miles from Oxford.
　　这是一项艰巨的任务。为此，默里教授必须从英国，美国，以及英属殖民地寻找志愿者来查阅每一份英文报纸，每一本英文杂志，每一部英文书籍。许多志愿者应声而至，包括威廉.切斯特.迈纳。迈纳博士是一位美国外科医生，曾经参与了美国内战，目前生活在英国，信件的署名地址地址是距离牛津50英里的伯克郡，克罗索恩，布罗德莫。
　　第三段：62题
　　Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next 17 years, he became one of the staff’s most valued contributors.
　　迈纳博士参与了字典志愿者的大军，给默里教授发送单词和引语。在以后的17年里，他成为了字典编纂大军中最有价值的贡献者之一。
　　62. How did Dr. Minor contributed to the dictionary?
　　A. He helped Murray to find hundreds of volunteers. B. He sent newspapers, magazines and books to Murray.
　　C. He provided a great number of words and quotations D. he went to England to work with Murray.
　　解析：C。细节题，考点：ving形式作定语后置。
　　第四段：63题
　　But he was also a mystery. In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So in 1897， Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum (精神病院)for the Criminally Insane.
　　然而，迈纳博士也是一个迷。尽管邀请过他很多次，但是他总是拒绝拜访牛津大学。最后，1897年，默里教授决亲自去一趟克罗索恩。当他到达目的地以后，他在布罗德莫精神病院负责关押精神病犯人的牢房里发现了迈纳博士，他被锁在一间周围整齐地放满了书籍的牢房里。
　　63. Why did Dr. Minor refuse to visit Oxford?
　　A. He was shut in an asylum B. He lived far from Oxford
　　C. He was busy writing a book D. He disliked traveling
　　解析：A。细节题。Lock和shut为同义词
　　第五段：64题
　　Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years. Murray continued to visit Minor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds.
　　默里教授和迈纳博士成了好朋友，分享自己对于英文单词的热爱。迈纳博士继续为字典贡献，在20年的时间里提交单词和引语超过1万多次。默里教授继续经常拜访迈纳博士，有时候两人会在精神病院散步。
　　64. Prof. Murray and Dr. Minor became friends mainly because __________.
　　A. they both served in the Civil War. B. They had a common interest in words
　　C. Minor recovered with the help of Murray D. Murray went to America regularly to visit Minor
　　解析：B。细节题，提问原因。
　　第六段：
　　In 1910, Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America. Murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend.
　　1910年，迈纳离开了布罗德莫，到了自己的祖国—美国的一家精神病院。默里教授在港口向自己的这位杰出的朋友挥手告别。
　　第七段：
　　Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed. The 12 volumes defined 414,825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient.
　　迈纳于1920年去世。7年以后，《牛津英文字典》第一版完成编纂。这部12卷的字典解释了414825个英文单词，成千上万个单词就是由这位即富有学者风范又有奉献精神的精神病患者提供的。
　　65. Which of the following best describe Dr. Minor?
　　A. Brave and determined B. Cautious and friendly
　　C. Considerate and optimistic D. Unusual and scholarly
　　解析：D。概括总结人物的形象。
　　66. What does the text mainly talk about?
　　A. The history of the English language. B. The friendship between Murray and Minor
　　C. Minor and the first Oxford English Dictionary D. Broadmoor Asylum and is patients
　　解析：C。主旨题。文章主要讲述了一位不平凡的精神病患者对《牛津英语字典》的贡献。答案为C。