Important change took place in the lives of women in the 19th century. When men went out from their farms to cities to seek jobs in industry, peasant women had to take over the sowing, growing, and harvesting of the fields as well as caring for cattle and raising their children. When women also moved to the cities in search of work, they found that it was increasingly separated by sex and that employment opportunities for women were limited to the lower-paid jobs. Later in the century, women in industry gathered mainly in cloth-making factories, though some worked in mining or took similarly difficult and tiring jobs.
In the 1800s, service work also absorbed(吸纳） a great number of women who arrived in the cities from the country. Young women especially took jobs as servants in middle-class and upper-class homes; and as more and more men were drawn into industry, domestic service(家庭服务） became increasingly a female job. In the second half of the century, however, chances of other service work also opened up to women, from sales jobs in shops to teaching and nursing. These jobs came to be done mainly by women and low paid.
For thousands of years, when almost all work was done on the family farm or in the family firm(家庭作坊），home and workplace had been the same, In these cases, women could do farm work or hand work, and perform home duties such as child care and preparation of meals at the same time, Along with the development of industry, the central workplace, however, such as the factory and the department store, separated home from work. Faced with the necessity for women to choose between home and workplace, Western society began to give particular attention to the role of women as homemakers with more energy than ever before.
72.We learn from the first paragraph that Had been done chiefly by men before they went to cities to seek jobs.
A.mining, teaching, and nursing
B.sewing clothes and mining
C. sowing, growing, and harvesting
D. caring for cattle and growing crops
73.Domestic service because a female job mainly because .
A. women took care of children
B. women took jobs as servants
C. men were employee in industry
D. men seldom worked in industry
74. We knows from the passage that in the 1800s .
A. more and more women began to work in domestic service
B. women mainly worked as servants, nurses, and miners
C. service and industrial jobs absorbed more women than men
D. women enjoyed working as sellers, teachers, and miners
75.This passage is about In the 19th century.
A.service and industry B.female and male jobs
C.women and their work D.female jobs and the pay
答案
72.C 73.C 74.A 75.C
72．解析：这是一道细节推断题。根据第一段第二句“When men went out from their farms to cities to seek jobs in industry, women had to take over the sowing, growing, and harvesting of the field as well as caring for cattle and raising their children”从take over（接过，替代）可知男人去城市工作之前干的工作是sowing, growing, and harvesting。
73．解析：这是一道细节推断题。根据第二段“and as more and more men were drawn into industry, domestic service became increasingly a female job.”可知家庭服务成为女性工作的主要原因是越来越多的男性参加了工业劳动，所以家庭服务只能由女性来承担。
74．解析：这是一道细节推断题。根据第二段第一句“In the 1800s, service work also absorbed a great number of women who arrived in the cities from the country.”和“domestic service became increasingly a female job”可以推断出女性开始从事家庭服务行业。
75．解析：这是一道主旨题。本文主要讲了女性工作的衍变过程，从在家里照顾孩子，从事家庭劳动到进入城市从事家庭服务、护士、教师等职业，所以选项C“女性和她们的工作”比较贴切。
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